Neonatal and paediatric ventilation is highly challenging in respiratory care. Management of the ‘little ones’ on ventilator is a difficult task. A strong knowledge about basic respiratory physiology and lung mechanics of newborns, gives us the easier application of providing both noninvasive and invasive ventilation. Respiratory distress is mainly assessed by Downes' score, clinical conditions and arterial blood gases. Different modes of ventilation describe the easier ability for gentler ventilation and lung protective strategy. Humidification is essential as the upper airway is bypassed and it can prevent hypothermia. This review will explore the ventilatory support in neonates and paediatric age group.
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